Showing posts with label MR/DD. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MR/DD. Show all posts

09 September 2012

Thoughts to Share...

Hi, All!

Those of you who already know me are aware that I am more comfortable in small group settings where information is being actively discussed verbally…  so this form of communication is a stretch for me… blogging.  I have had to learn to stretch much in my life as has many of you, too…  and each stretch has its time of pain and relief.  Pain in the act of learning how to do it and relief that perhaps I will not only live through it but actually find something of value to take away to help my family and others and hopefully personally grow into that person I always wanted to be when I grow up…;)!  Therefore, with that said, I will be sharing in this venue as though I am visiting with you all in a small group to encourage dialogue so we can all learn together!  One of the HUGE advantages I find in this venue is that whatever your schedule, you can access and be part of the conversation... 

Now, talking about VERY serious topics that affect lives so directly is vital to finding real world solutions; however, I have also learned from my middle daughter, Cassie, just how VITAL humor is to life, too…  so I am taking a life stretch lesson from her and hoping you all will allow me this license to suggest we create our own version of a traditional arcade-style game to help us work through our frustrations while we learn together as well… and just maybe a better real world solution will emerge… (Okay, I admit it freely, I have often been accused of being a dreamer…  but we all know, too, what is needed is also possible…if we work together throughout the system!)
So…
Have you ever played Whack-a-Mole? You know, the arcade-style game where a mole suddenly appears and you have a soft mallet that you hit it to score points… the game increases in speed as you progress through the levels until the moles appear so frequently and randomly you cannot predict where they will appear or react fast enough when they pop up…and then soon after, the GAME OVER sign appears… and your tickets earned spit out of the meter for you to go redeem at the prize counter and it usually takes a LOT of tickets to get the item you actually want when you get to the counter?  Yeah, that is the one I am talking about…;)!!


Traditional Whack-a-Mole Arcade Game

I mention this game because at first glance we feel we are caught in this type of arcade-style life where the holes in the ground are the various funding streams, service definitions, operational functions, etc and the moles are the various items that seemingly pop up all of a sudden and are all “urgent” in some way or another requiring our immediate attention, input, advocacy.  It is so hard to keep up with what is happening in the URGENT file (the moles appearing quickly on the screen) much less to delve into understanding where it is coming from or what is causing them to pop-up in the first place (ongoing systemic issues that require deeper investigation along with committed effort and resources to address).   

Crystal with help of others has provided this site with extensive information that shows the moles on the screen in the “Urgent” file and additional in-depth sourcing information that gives a view into the tunnel to understand why.  I applaud this approach to allow ANYONE interested to participate at whatever level desired.

So, let’s play a round of Whack-a-Mole together… shall we?!  For today, I select the Medicaid funding channel and the current “Urgent” mole is the imminent change at the end of this month from CAP-MRDD plan to the CAP-IDD Plan.  This does not affect those who are currently being served through NC Innovations Waiver.  See the CAP-IDD Decision Flowchart below:


Please share your thoughts, and also let us know which “mole” should we take a whack at understanding better at our next blog time together?   (Be aware that just like the game, we often have a “mole” appear in the same place many times usually for different aspect of that topic that needs dealing with at that moment)…    
    
To all those who know that “Game Over” can truly be a life and death matter for those we love and does reflect the overall health of a community, too!    ~ Anna

31 July 2012

What's New in July

July 2012 Events and Updates.


30 June 2012

What's New in June?

June 2012 events and updates.

28 June 2012

DMA 8M Public Comment on CAP-I/DD 361

ote: Below is a Public Comment submitted to DMA regarding the 8M Clinical Coverage Policy proposal for CAP-I/DD during the 15 day comment period from July 28 - August 11, 2011. This exert was pulled from it's original source, a public record, and is posted exactly as it appeared save the removal of the submitter's personal contact information and abbreviation of last name.

More on DMA Public Comments. ]

Comment 361

To: Webmedpolicy, Dma
Subject: Comments to proposed CAP MR/DD Manual
Sent: Friday, August 12, 2011 3:04 PM

I have two major concerns about the proposed CAP MR/DD Manual. My 20 year old daughter is profoundly physically and intellectually disabled. She requires 100% care and has special medical and behavioral needs.

Proposed Elimination of Enhanced Personal Care
I am very concerned about the proposed elimination of enhanced personal care. This has been an authorized service because of an identified need of a small segment of the CAP waiver recipients. What is the justification to eliminate this service? It is certainly not because there are no longer any CAP recipients "who have intense medical or behavioral needs." I thought the objective of the CAP MR/DD waiver was to keep individuals out of institutions. Cutting services to individuals with the most complex needs makes it more likely that some of these individuals will have to be placed in 24 hour residential settings. This will not improve the quality of life for these individuals nor will it save money. In fact, it will cost a lot more than providing these individuals with enhanced personal care.

At the pay rate for regular personal care services, it is impossible to find and keep good staff qualified to make decisions regarding behavior management, to carefully monitor seizures, to provide g-tube feedings, and to safely transfer my daughter who has had several major orthopedic surgeries. My daughter needs consistency and I need a break physically from 20 years of caring for my daughter. Frequent turnover of staff and/or going for long periods without staff because of the low pay for personal care services would be very detrimental to my daughter's quality of life and safety at home.

Limit of 129 hours/month of Habilitative Services
Again, a decision has been made not to differentiate between CAP recipients based on their level of need, currently measured by SNAP score. I believe providing the same limit of 129 hours/month to all CAP recipients discriminates against my daughter and others with high levels of need. For adults who are no longer enrolled in public schools, there should be a higher monthly limit for habilitative services, incremented by SNAP Level.

When my daughter ages out of public school, she will need opportunities to participate in the community. I hope to enroll her in a day program which operates 6 hours/day 5 days per week. That one program will use up all of the allowed habilitative service hours. But my daughter needs habilitative services for other community experiences such as weekly Special Olympics bowling, a weekly community drumming group and a monthly evening social gathering. In addition, she has habilitative goals to work on at home.

These two policy changes seem to completely disregard the quality of life of CAP MR/DD recipients for the sake of an easy way to save a relatively small amount of money. I ask that these two changes be reevaluated, with a sincere consideration of quality of life and safety. Please don't abandon the CAP recipients with the greatest needs.

Thank you,
Beth H.
Wilmington, NC

26 June 2012

DMA 8M Public Comment on CAP-I/DD 293

Note: Below is a Public Comment submitted to DMA regarding the 8M Clinical Coverage Policy proposal for CAP-I/DD during the 15 day comment period from July 28 - August 11, 2011. This exert was pulled from it's original source, a public record, and is posted exactly as it appeared save the removal of the submitter's personal contact information and abbreviation of last name.

More on DMA Public Comments. ]

Comment 293

To: Webmedpolicy, Dma; Office of the Governor; kpowell@arcnc.org; Michael Cooper; admiral ballard; opinion@charlotteobserver.com
Subject: 8M-CAP-I/DD
Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2011 9:59 PM

To Whom it may concern:

I am writing to share my thoughts on the waiver changes proposed by DHHS/DMA for Community Alternatives Program for Individuals with Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities. I do not understand the details and technical terms as well as I should but I understand enough to know vital services are proposed to be cut. I worked outside the home for the first 18 years of my daughter's life to provide for her and was lucky to have parents to help me with childcare. When Jordan turned 18 I was able to stay home and provide Home Supports through CAP for her which resulted in an amazing improvement in our lives. I was no longer so exhausted from working all day and taking care of her all night that we actually began to enjoy our life rather than getting by.

If Home Support hours are cut I will be forced to work an outside job again to pay our bills. If other support services are cut then who will care for Jordan while I work this other job? My parents have retired, moved and are unable to help me now that they're older. I have never even thought of a group home or institution until now. If I can't care for her and she was to go to a group home or institution then the government would be paying for that. Why would you take my income and give it to a group home or institution when my sole purpose in life is to love and care for her. I would personally live in my car if that's what it took to keep Jordan with me but I would hope it would never come to that. I have worked from the age of 16, paid my taxes, never had government assistance and never plan on it. I don't want food stamps or welfare or my daughter placed outside our home. I want to be paid for the job I am doing which is to provide 24/7 care for Jordan. I love her, want to care for her and grow old with her.

I would hope you wouldn't make these changes so the families of people with disabilities can stay together and have the lives they deserve. I thought that was the purpose of Home Supports and other support services. Stop giving more money to drug addiction programs, released convict programs, etc. and let us keep what our children deserve and need.

Sincerely,

Donna C.
Pineville, NC


25 June 2012

DMA 8M Public Comment on CAP-I/DD 323


Note: Below is a Public Comment submitted to DMA regarding the 8M Clinical Coverage Policy proposal for CAP-I/DD during the 15 day comment period from July 28 - August 11, 2011. This exert was pulled from it's original source, a public record, and is posted exactly as it appeared, including the commenter's highlights, save the removal of the submitter's personal contact information and abbreviation of last name. 


More on DMA Public Comments. ]

Comment 323

To: Webmedpolicy, Dma
Subject: 8M-CAP-I-DD
Importance: High
Sent: Friday, August 12, 2011 11:46 AM

To Whom It May Concern:
I am a parent of 3 adult males who receive services through the CAP-MR/DD program. They live at home with their Dad and me. I provide paid support services for each one of my sons under home supports ( 2 sons- 9 days mo. each, the 3rd son 12-13 days month) Plus me & their Dad put in countless hrs. of volunteer time. Home Supports has not worked well for my 3 sons. It is not designed for those who have more one person in the home receiving CAP services. I need the flexibility to work with which ever son needs me the most on a given day or divide up a day among 2, sometimes 3 of them for many different reasons (mostly lack of qualified, dependable outside CAP workers, sometimes medical reasons, etc.) “Everybody needs to be on the same page working by the hour so HCS & PC hours can be used by any CAP worker who works with the consumer..” The way things are now the hrs. in POC are divided into too many pots. I am locked in this HOME SUPPORTS POT I can only provide a pre determined days of service to each son per month. For instance say son number (no.) 1 has a need today and I am the only qualified CAP worker available to meet that son’s particular needs, and I have already worked all my allotted number of days with him. I can’t switch son no. 2 that I am working with today over to another CAP worker who is qualified to meet his needs because I have already used all my allotted days for son no. 1. The daily rate I am being paid comes from one pot and her hourly pay comes from another pot, she can meet son no. 2 needs, I can better meet son no. 1 needs, but with all this hoopla there are times when their medically necessary needs are not met, because I am locked in this HOME SUPPORTS POT Also there are times when son no. 3 doesn’t have a CAP worker for several days, I can find a Cap worker for son no.2 & dad volunteers with son no. 1. The problem here is, I am locked into pre alloted days I can work with him. What are we going to do to get their needs met? Another thing, what if something happened to me or another parent and we couldn’t provide HS services for a week or so. The hours locked up in this HOME SUPPORTS POT couldn’t be used by other hab techs to meet the consumer’s PC & HCS needs. Believe me it is virtually impossible to get a CAP worker to provide respite services especially for more than a few hrs.

THIS 8M-CAP-I-DD WAIVER ISN’T DESIGNED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF CONSUMERS WHO ALSO HAVE OTHER PARTICIPANTS LIVING IN THE SAME HOME. “This 40 hour per week thing would really put a hardship upon our family.” . We are always diligently seeking for qualified, dependable CAP workers to work with our 3 sons. Even with me working 7 days per week under home supports we cannot find enough outside help to meet all the hours of their plan of care. It is very difficult to find qualified, dependable CAP workers to work with adult males who are dual diagnosed with some behavior issues at times, plus the job doesn’t pay enough, no benefits and staff have to use their own vehicles & insurance with very little mileage pay. When we can find help someone has to be off a day or 2, a week, sometimes longer, come in late or leave early. Right now I have one worker who is quitting Aug. 27, another one who comes to work very sick and in a few days is going to have to have part of her bowels removed, the other one says she can work 3 days a week. We have no good prospects in sight. It usually takes at least 6 mo. sometimes a year to fill a position. Because of this I can’t seek employment outside the home. Even when I have help I am always on call. Somebody asking me questions, training new staff, juggling everybody’s schedule, the schedule changes several times a month. Also a CAP worker who can work with one of my sons usually isn’t qualified or won’t work with one of the others. There are times if I can get a neighbor or family member to help me a few hours I have paid them out of my own pocket. WE CAN’T LEAVE THEM WITH JUST ANYONE. One of my sons was RAPED, the other 2 SEXUALLY MOLESTED by another CAP worker. My sons have been HIT, VERBALLY & EMOTIONALLY ABUSED, LEFT IN THE CARE OF SOMEONE NOT EMPLOYED BY AGENCY, LEFT IN PARKED CAR WITH MOTOR RUNNING, & LEFT UNATTENDED WHILE HAB TECH TOOK A NAP. “Other parents, grandparents can tell you HORRORS like these also. “ That is why we family members started providing services so our adult children could be taken care of . WE DESPERATELY NEED TO BE PERMITTED TO PROVIDE EVER HOW MANY HOURS OF SERVICES THAT IS NECESSARY TO MEET THEIR MEDICALLY NECESSARY NEEDS ACCORDING TO EACH ONES POC. Other CAP workers are not limited to 40 hrs. per week and it isn’t going to add cost to their POC. Why would any one object to parents/relatives providing "excellent” services over 40 hrs.per week when we can’t find qualified, dependable outside CAP workers to do so? “ Which in our case is every week.” OUR SONS VERY MUCH WANT TO LIVE AT HOME WITH US. IT ISN’T THE EASIEST ROAD FOR US TO TRAVEL. HOWEVER, WE WANT THEM TO BE CARED FOR IN THE LEAST RESTRICTIVE ENVIRONMENT POSSIBLE AND FOR THEIR RIGHT TO MAKE A CHOICE FOR THEIR CARE NOT BE VIOLATED.Here we are devoting our whole lives to our adult children, who have been violated by CAP workers and it seems like you expect us to volunteer more and more of our time. There are parents who have put their adult children in state care 24/7 who are able to keep them at home. If you expect all this volunteer time from us then you should send those adult children back home for their parents to take care of them also. What about AFL Homes they are paid 24/7. Our 3 sons are going to be in danger of being put into state care 24/7 if I am cut to 40 hrs. per week. PLEASE BAN THIS 40 HR. LIMIT ON FAMILY CAP WORKERS OR PLEASE MAKE AN EXCEPTION FOR FAMILIES LIKE OURS WHO HAVE EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES. Even when I have to provide 84 hrs. per wk. of CAP services among 3 adult sons. I & their Dad are still volunteering dozens of hrs. per wk. I can provide letters from others about the quality of care I provide and the endless effort I make to keep them included in the community. I travel 500 + hrs. per month to make sure their POC is met. Both you and I don’t want them to be socially isolated. I don’t provide care so I can profit. Everything I do & everything I have is for them. However, if I am restricted to 40 hrs. per week there is going to be a lot of social isolation here because of lack of qualified, dependable, outside of family, CAP workers available to provide services. Even now there are times when we have 2 CAP workers besides me I am the one who has to provide the transportation for everybody. I cannot continue to do this if I am limited to 40 hrs. per week.

The 8M-CAP-I-DD waiver section H d. states that the PERSON CENTERED PLAN shall outline measures that ENSURES THE PARTICIPANT’S CHOICE and CONTROL OVER HIS DAILY LIFE and PROMOTE COMMUNITY INTEGRATION. In our case when I, the mother am the only qualified CAP worker available to provide services (this happens every week) and if 8M-CAP-I-DD won’t let me provide paid services (over 40 hrs. per wk.) then my 3 SONS CHOICE & CONTROL OVER THEIR DAILY LIVES WILL BE VIOLATED & THEY WILL BE SOCIALLY ISOLATED.

The issue of CAP workers not providing respite services if they accompany family on out of state on vacation because , family caregiver, is present. In our case we desperately need staff to accompany us. We have 3 sons who need one on one attention therefore, we are technically not really there for the son who has a CAP worker with him. We are there for the other 2 sons. Words cannot articulate how extremely important it is for the boys to get to go on vacation. How much it helps them emotionally . It is getting more difficult for us to handle it. Especially if we have an emergency. For our SONS’ SAFETY & WELLBEING Will you PLEASE! PLEASE! reconsider this policy especially for families with multiple CAP recipients and make an exception

PLEASE DON’T VIOLATE OUR ADULT CHILDREN’S RIGHT TO HAVE CHOICE & CONTROL OVER THEIR DAILY LIVES, NOR IMPOSE REGULATIONS (like limit family members to 40 hrs. per week) THAT WILL CAUSE SOCIAL ISOLATION, BECAUSE THEY CHOOSE TO LIVE AT HOME WITH THEIR PARENTS AND CHOOSE FAMILY MEMBERS TO PROVIDE “EXCELLENT” CAP SERVICES TO MEET THEIR MEDICALLY NECESSARY NEEDS ACCORDING TO THEIR PLAN OF CARE. PLEASE REMEMBER THE DECISIONS YOU MAKE EFFECT VENERABLE PEOPLE’S LIVES WHO CAN’T HELP THEMSELVES
YOUR DECISIONS CAN GIVE THEM GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE OR MAKE THEM MISERABLE. MAY GOD HELP US ALL !!!
I know I have rambled a bit. I hope you can understand our unique situation. If you have any questions Please Contact Me.

Margaret H.
Mount Airy, N.C.

P.S. What if I mother/legal guardian move out of family home or into apartment B. Would I still be limited to 40 hrs. per week? Do you think this will help the CAP recipients in our home?

DMA 8M Public Comment on CAP-I/DD 294

Note: Below is a Public Comment submitted to DMA regarding the 8M Clinical Coverage Policy proposal for CAP-I/DD during the 15 day comment period from July 28 - August 11, 2011. This exert was pulled from it's original source, a public record, and is posted exactly as it appeared save the removal of the submitter's personal contact information and abbreviation of last name.

More on DMA Public Comments. ]

Comment 294

To: Webmedpolicy, Dma
Subject: 8M-CAP-I-DD
Importance: High
Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2011 10:01 PM

Attached, please find a document detailing my concerns regarding the new 8M-CAP-I-DD policy.

The new proposed 8M CAP Policy to take effect in November 2011 is a devastating blow to families affected by a developmental and/or physical challenge. It is incomprehensible how my daughter, Chelley, age 12, diagnosed with Autism, will escape being institutionalized. How is it that this great government of ours will rush to the aid of other countries in need, but cannot recognize the great need in THIS country? I have an enormous amount of concern about how inhumane this new policy will be towards those not classified as “typical”. It’s almost as if we are living in a Hitler regime, where those not deemed to fit a certain class or characteristic should be punished is some way, because they are looked upon as degrading the race or inferior to what they call “normal”. What kind of world have we become when compassion and humanity can only be expressed in the public eye to impress other nations, and not an actionable standard at home? I am ashamed to say that this country’s standards/motives reflect nothing that our forefathers fought for.

Below, I have outlined how this new policy will negatively impact my child, my family, my life (if that’s what one would even call it).

Concerns with the proposed 8M CAP Policy:

  • Enhanced Care: In 2010, Chelley had 100+ appointments. She was in the ER a few times and was hospitalized 6 times during the latter part of 2010. As a result of battling with an array of illnesses, she was only able to attend school SIXTEEN (16) days this past academic year. I am twice divorced to 2 cowardly men. I work two steady jobs, and during tax season, that goes up to 3 steady jobs. I am the primary caretaker of my 87 year old widowed father, and my 23 year old daughter, Christine, still in college, who we recently informed me, is expecting a child in October! (This just means another dependent to care for in the very near future). Because of my busy schedule and family responsibilities (both physically and financially), I am dependent of professional care for my daughter Chelley. Her health is very fragile, and the need for quality care is essential. Without the right enhanced services in place, I would have to quit all my jobs and stay home and care for her myself. And that would only lead me to be dependent on public assistance, which in turn would not be able to pay for her care, our home, basic standard of living...so that’s not an option. So the only alternative would be to institutionalize Chelley, which would NOT provide her with quality of life, and where she feels most acclimated and safe. This option is also against Chelley’s wishes and the family’s wishes. And that would be a tremendous cost to the government in the end. Eliminating Enhanced Care would have a tremendous NEGATIVE impact!
  • Home Supports: The change back to coupled services is the best thing going in this new waiver!
  • Habilitation Limitation: The maximum habilitative limit coupled with maximum personal care limit is clearly not enough for me to work my 2-3 jobs. The purpose of my working these additional jobs is to be able to supplement for Chelley’s care....which to me...is doing the government a favor. Because if she is institutionalized, that financial burden will fall in the good old US government’s lap. (Reminder: an institution is against Chelley’s and the family’s wishes) A typical family working member is required to work a 40 hr week outside of the home and come home from work and provide another 80 hrs a week to care for a disabled loved one. Because I don’t have a typical work week, my number of hours is substantially greater. Chelley is in need of consistent long-term person centered care!! Children with disabilities learn at a slower rate than the average person but yet the highest need individual can only receive 129 hrs per month? And I understand that there will be no exceptions? Whatever happened to the person centered approach??? These limitations surely support my belief of us living in a Hitler society. How can anyone deem that one set amount of time is suitable to everyone....regardless of their limitations, their dependencies, their abilities, etc.? Our children, both adults and minors, need additional care for a lifetime and it needs to be person centered so they can become productive in their community! Our children’s needs are great!!! Many individuals, specifically my daughter, will lose their freedom and possibility their life if this new waiver should take effect!
  • Personal Care Limitation: Please refer to my notes in Habilitation Limitation. Just to reiterate....The UR limits will cause many to be institutionalized!!!! My daughter will be one of them! This negative impact will be the detriment of not only my daughter, but my family....society will miss out of gaining a wonderful viable member; the government will be greatly impacted financially, etc. But more importantly, an institution is against Chelley’s and the family’s wishes.
  • Family Member: If it were not for the love of family, I think that my daughter would be a forgotten person in our society. We are quick to sweep problems under the rug so to speak and ignore people who are truly in need. But thank God that Chelley is loved by her family, and we are willing to stand up for her and protect her and provide her with the individual care that she needs. The BEST care that Chelley receives is from her family, because we have the patience, and the knowledge of her individual care, and always make the decisions which best fits her individual requirements. But this new policy seeks to limit the individual care provided by family members. This is not even logical!! What external staff will be willing to stay up hours upon hours each and every night when a child’s sleep patterns is only 3-5 hours? What external staff will be willing to sacrifice their time to fill out endless paperwork, attend grueling appointments/meetings, sacrifice not ever taking a vacation, etc.? External staff will not endure the pain and heartache that family members endure for the sake of caring for a loved one? And what about when qualified staff cannot be found, or are in transition? Who picks up the slack? How in anyone’s right mind would it be a good idea to punish the work and time that families put in for the care of their loved one?
  • Home Modifications: How is the 15,000 factored into the budget? Does it go toward the total cost of the current budget year? For example, participant current budget is 125000 without home modifications. Home modification is 13,000. This puts current budget 138000 but less than 15000 in 5 years. Would this case a denial in Home Modifications/Services? Although this does not personally apply to my daughter, it is still concerning. For example a specialized bathroom for a person who truly needs it, is not a luxury item and but rather is needed for health and safety. Adding an assessable bathroom into an existing bedroom should be added to the inclusive list. This would not be needed or provided for another child in an average home. Without this it would jeopardize the health and safety of the individual and put an individual at risk of institutionalization.
  • Respite: Restricting how Respite is to be used is purely inhumane! I work 2-3 jobs, work countless additional hours in the home caring for my daughter, don’t have options for vacation because of my unique family situation, have daily interruption of sleep, etc....and yet the state dares to think that I should not be entitled to some occasional respite to get some relief at my discretion???? Currently there is no other service that would be appropriate....and the reason why I and other families cherish every moment that can be had from respite care. And if I may add, those respite hours are not always spent resting...which is a novel idea....but I use those hours to give me time to grocery shop, to clean my house, to fill out paperwork, to cook, to do laundry, to care for other family members in my home, etc. It is impossible to accomplish all that I do for my daughter without having some occasional free time (if I can even call it that). With the past waiver, how many “typical” families can say they could survive on just 576 hrs per year of down time? It would be unfathomable!!!! I’d like to meet the person or committee who agreed to enforce this restriction. I would love to have them visit me and stay for a while to truly evaluate whether their decision was conscionable!!!
  • 2.0 Eligible Participants: for the CAP waiver notes “Waiver-Specific Requirements” A person with mental retardation, developmental disabilities, or both may be considered for CAP-I/DD funding if s/he fulfills all of the following criteria: Can maintain his or her health, safety, and well-being in the community with the program”. Please clarify! If I am reading this correctly it states that individuals with great need will no longer be eligible for wavier services and will have no choice but to live in an institution. What does this mean for current participants that have high needs? Is there specific criteria that drives this statement? Who and or what makes that determinations; an individual; a committee; a dollar amount?

Marie P.